Authors
- Bogoliubov Egor A. Candidate of Historical Sciences
Annotation
The Soviet government sought to liberate the women of Central Asia and fought for their equality with men. The implementation of this policy has also had an impact on criminal law. It was stated that remnants of the past oppress a woman, make her disenfranchised. One of these remnants was the kalym (bride price). His criminalization on the territory of the Turkmen SSR occurred in waves. At first, it was abolished in the Transcaspian region in 1920, but at the same time the obligation of the groom to pay the wedding expenses was introduced. Then the authorities of the Turkestan ASSR adopted a decree on the abolition of kalym in 1921 and 1923. Later, punishments for kalym were fixed in the Criminal Code of the RSFSR in 1924. However, after receiving the status of the Union Republic of the Turkmen SSR, kalym in 1926 was recognized only as unjustified enrichment, which gave the groom the right to claim kalym back. Such legislative consolidation meant that the act was not punishable. In the Criminal Code of the Turkmen SSR of 1927, kalym was not fixed. His criminalization took place only in May 1928. The difficult path that Kalym took to get into the Criminal Code of the Turkmen SSR shows the position of the Soviet government in this region. The local population and the Turkmen authorities did not want to ban kalym, as it was an ancestral tradition and its punishability could shake the already precarious position of the Bolsheviks. It was only under pressure from the central party authorities in the person of the Media Bureau that it was possible to amend the Criminal Code of the Turkmen SSR.
How to link insert
Bogoliubov, E. A. (2025). ESTABLISHMENT OF CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT FOR RECEIVING AND PAYING KALYM IN THE TURKMEN SSR Bulletin of the Moscow City Pedagogical University. Series "Pedagogy and Psychology", № 1 (57), 153. https://doi.org/10.24412/2076-9105-2025-157-153-167
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