Home → Releases → № 3 (55) →

ABOUT THE TIME WHEN THE WORD “OFFICERS” APPEARED IN RUSSIA: TO MARK THE 390th ANNIVERSARY OF ITS FIRST DOCUMENTED WRITTEN USE IN RUSSIAN

History of Russia: from ancient times to 1917 , UDC: 357.135: 94(47).046

Authors

  • Malov Alexander V. Candidate of Historical Sciences

Annotation

The article is devoted to the 390th anniversary of the earliest use of the word “officers” in the Russian language. This fact is an archival find of the author, which dates this name of the commanders (“nachalnyje ludi”) to about 70 years earlier than the generally recognized one. Then, during the last decade of the XVII century, this term suddenly began to be used in documents in parallel with commanders (“nachalnyje ludi”), and in the 1st decade of the XVIII century it became entrenched in the Russian language in its modern meaning, completely displacing the former term. Russian literature explores all the circumstances of this first case of the use of this term in business Russian writing in the conditions of the Smolensk War of 1632–1634, with its accompanying large intervention into the Russian language of a significant number of new terms and concepts that denoted both fundamentally new and previously existing phenomena of war and military organization.
Tags:
commanders (nachalnyje ludi) , dragoons , new model army , officers , Russia of the XVII century , Scottish mercenaries , the Smolensk War

How to link insert

Malov, A. V. (2024). ABOUT THE TIME WHEN THE WORD “OFFICERS” APPEARED IN RUSSIA: TO MARK THE 390th ANNIVERSARY OF ITS FIRST DOCUMENTED WRITTEN USE IN RUSSIAN Bulletin of the Moscow City Pedagogical University. Series "Pedagogy and Psychology", № 3 (55),
References
1. 1. Grebenkin A. N. Podgotovka russkogo ofitserskogo korpusa v stroevykh chastiakh vo vtoroi polovine XVII – pervoi polovine XVIII veka [Training of Russian officers in line troops in the second half of the XVIIth – first half of the XVIIIth century] // Science Journal of Volgograd State University. History. Area Studies. International Relations. 2017. Vol. 22. № 4. P. 120–129. DOI: 10.15688/jvolsu4.2017.4.11 (In Russ.).
2. 2. Kurbatov O. A. «Nachal›nye liudi reitarskogo stroia v 1653–1658 gg.: Opyt prosopograficheskogo analiza vypusknikov pervogo v Rossii stroevogo ofitserskogo uchilishcha» (po materialam RGADA) [Officers of a Reiter regiments in 1653–1658: Experience of the prosopographic analysis of graduates of the first Russian officer school (on materials RGADA) // Rus’, Rossiia: Srednevekov’e i Novoe vremia. Vyp. 5: Piatye chteniia pamiati akademika RAN L. V. Milova. Materialy k mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii. Moskva, 9–10 noiabria 2017 g. Moscow: MGU, 2017. P. 608–614. (Trudy istoricheskogo fakul’teta MGU: Vyp. 104. Ser. II. Istoricheskie issledovaniia: 57). (In Russ.).
3. 3. Lisejcev D. V. Panskii (Inozemskii) prikaz v kontse XVI – nachale XVII stoletii [Pansky (Inozemsky) order at the end of the 16th – beginning of the 17th centuries] // Inozemtsy v Rossii v XV–XVII vekakh. Moscow: Drevlekhranilishche, 2006. P. 59–69. (In Russ.).
4. 4. Lisejcev D. V. Prikaznaia sistema Moskovskogo gosudarstva v epokhu Smuty [Order system of the Moscow state during the Time of Troubles]. Moscow; Tula: Grif i K, 2009. 792 p. (In Russ.).
5. 5. Malov A. V. Komandiry chastei novogo stroia v 1628–1636 gg. (ot podgotovki k Smolenskoi voine do rospuska chastei novogo stroia posle ee okonchaniia) [Commanders of units of the new system in 1628–1636 (from preparation for the Smolensk War to the dissolution of parts of the new system after its end)] // Arkheograficheskii ezhegodnik za 2009–2010 gg. Moscow: Nauka, 2013. P. 126–143. (In Russ.).
6. 6. Malov A. V. Komandnyi sostav chastei soldatskogo, reitarskogo, dragunskogo i gusarskogo stroia ot poiavleniia ikh v Rossii do rospuska posle okonchaniia Smolenskoi voiny: ierarkhiia i nomenklatura chinov. 1628–1636 gg. [Command composition of units of the soldier, reitar, dragoon and hussar system from their appearance in Russia to their dissolution after the end of the Smolensk War: hierarchy and nomenclature of ranks. 1628–1636] // Tri daty tragicheskogo piatidesiatiletiia Evropy (1598–1618–1648): Rossiia i Zapad v gody Smuty, religioznykh konfliktov i Tridtsatiletnei voiny (Three dates of the tragic fifty years of Europe (1598–1618–1648): Russia and the West during the Time of Troubles, religious conflicts, and the Thirty Years War) / otv. red. V. D. Nazarov, P. Iu. Uvarov. Moscow: IVI RAN, 2018. P. 221–238. (In Russ.).
7. 7. Malov A. V. Konnitsa novogo stroia v russkoi armii v 1630–1680-e gody [The cavalry of a new formation in the Russian army in 1630–1680] // Otechestvennaia istoriia. 2006. № 1. P. 118–131. (In Russ.).
8. 8. Malov A. V. Moskovskie vybornye polki soldatskogo stroia v nachal’nyi period svoei istorii. 1656–1671 gg. [Moscow elected regiments of the soldier system in the initial period of its history. 1656–1671]. Moscow: Drevlekhranilishche, 2006. 624 p. (In Russ.).
9. 9. Malov A. V. Osnovnye problemy stroitel’stva Vooruzhennykh sil Rossii. 1613–1689 gg. [Main problems of construction of the Armed forces of Russia. 1613–1689]. Moscow: Kvadriga, 2022. 324 p. (In Russ.).
10. 10. Malov A. V. Pervye svedeniia o dragunakh v Rossii i poiavlenie dragun v russkoi armii XVII v. [First information about dragoons in Russia and the appearance of dragoons in the Russian army of the 17th century] // Rossiiskoe gosudarstvo v XVI – nachale XVIII veka: sbornik statei k 70-letiiu Andreia Pavlovicha Pavlova / sost. A. I. Razdorskii; nauch. red. D. V. Liseitsev, P. V. Sedov. St. Petersburg; Moscow: Staraia Basmannaia, 2022. P. 295–316. (In Russ.).
11. 11. Malov A. V. Pervye, elitnye, moskovskie [First, elite, Moscow] // Vorontsovo pole. 2022. № 4. P. 36–39. (In Russ.).
12. 12. Malov A. V. Russko-shvedskaia voina 1656–1658 gg. i voennoe stroitel’stvo v Rossii [Russian-Swedish war 1656–1658. and military construction in Russia] // Rossiia i Shvetsiia v Srednevekov’e i Novoe vremia: arkhivnoe i muzeinoe nasledie. Doklady i soobshcheniia uchastnikov mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii, priurochennoi k rabote v Gosudarstvennom istoricheskom muzee vystavki «Orel i lev. Rossiia i Shvetsiia v XVII veke», 15–17 maia 2001 g. Moscow: GIM, 2002. P. 126–149. (Trudy GIM. Vyp. 133). (In Russ.).
13. 13. Pavlov A. P. Gosudarev dvor i politicheskaia bor’ba pri Borise Godunove (1584–1605 gg.) [The sovereign’s court and the political struggle under Boris Godunov (1584–1605)]. St. Petersburg: Nauka, 1992. 280 p. (In Russ.).
14. 14. Pavlov A. P. Dumnye i komnatnye liudi tsaria Mikhaila Romanova: prosopograficheskoe issledovanie: v 2 vols [Dumnye and private people of Tsar Mikhail Romanov: prosopographical study): 2 vols]. T. 1. St. Petersburg: Dmitrii Bulanin, 2018. 784 p. (Studiorum slavicorum orbis; vyp. 15). (In Russ.).
15. 15. Praviashchaia elita Russkogo gosudarstva IX – nachala XVIII v.: ocherki istorii [The ruling elite of the Russian state of the 9th – early 18th centuries: essays on history] / otv. red. A. P. Pavlov. St. Petersburg: Dmitrii Bulanin, 2006. 546 p. (In Russ.).
16. 16. Rogozhin A. A. Reitary polka I. Fanbukovena. Sozdanie v seredine XVII veka russkikh voinskikh formirovanii i podgotovka dlia nikh komandirskikh kadrov [Reiters of the regiment I. Fanbukoven. Creation of Russian military formations in the mid 17th century and training of commanders for them] // Military Historical Journal. 2012. № 9. P. 21–25. (In Russ.).
17. 17. Rybalko N. V. Rossiiskaia prikaznaia biurokratiia v Smutnoe vremia. [Russian administrative bureaucracy in the Time of Troubles]. Moscow: Kvadriga; MBA, 2011. 655 p. (In Russ.).
18. 18. Sorokoletov F. P. Istoriia voennoi leksiki v russkom iazyke, XI–XVII vv. [History of military vocabulary in the Russian language, XI–XVII centuries]. Leningrad: Nauka, 1970. 383 p. (In Russ.).
19. 19. Chernov A. V. Vooruzhennye sily [Armed forces] // Ocherki istorii SSSR. Period feodalizma. XVII v. Moscow: Izd-vo Akad. nauk SSSR, 1955. P. 439–456. (In Russ.).
20. 20. Chernov A. V. Vooruzhennye sily Russkogo gosudarstva v XV–XVII vv.: s obrazovaniia tsentralizovannogo gosudarstva do voennykh reform pri Petre I: kratkii ocherk [Armed forces of the Russian state in the XV–XVII centuries: from the formation of a centralized state to military reforms under Peter I: brief essay]. Moscow: Voenizdat, 1954. 224 p. (In Russ.).
21. 21. Chernov A. V. Stroitel’stvo vooruzhennykh sil russkogo gosudarstva v XVII veke (do Petra I): dissertatsiia … doktora istoricheskikh nauk [Construction of the armed forces of the Russian state in the 17th century (before Peter I): dissertation of the Doctor of Historical Sciences]. Moscow, 1949. 1634 p. (In Russ.).
22. 22. Eskin Yu. M. Pechati chlenov Boiarskoi Dumy v 1633 godu: K istorii russkoi «predgeral’diki» [Seals of members of the Boyar Duma in 1633: on the history of Russian “pre-heraldry”] // Russia Mediaevalis. Vol. X, 1. München, 2003. P. 205–223. (In Russ.).
23. 23. Poe Marshall T. The Russian elite in the seventeenth century / Marshall T. Poe; with Ol’ga Kosheleva [et al.]. Vol. 1: The consular and ceremonial ranks of the Russian “Sovereign`s court” 1613–1713. Vammala, 2004. 470 p.
Download file .pdf 388.35 kb